ADJECTIVES ENDING WITH –ED OR –ING
Hay una gran cantidad de adjetivos que se forman con la terminación –ed o –ing.
EJEMPLO:
She is bored. (Ella está aburrida.)
En este caso, la persona se siente aburrida.
EJEMPLO:
A boring film. (Una película aburrida)
Aquí, la “película es aburrida” desde el punto de vista de alguien más.
ADJETIVOS MÁS COMUNES
AMAZED - AMAZING
ASTONISHED - ASTONISHING
CONFUSED - CONFUSING
DEPRESSED - DEPRESSING
DISAPPOINTED - DISAPPOINTING
EMBARRASSED - EMBARRASSING
EXCITED - EXCITING
EXHAUSTED - EXHAUSTING
FASCINATED - FASCINATING
INTERESTED - INTERESTING
SURPRISED - SURPRISING
TERRIFIED - TERRIFYING
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
USO
EJEMPLO:
They have lived in England a long time.
EJEMPLO:
He has bought a new house.
EJEMPLO:
I have been abroad twice this year.
FORMA
ORACIONES POSITIVAS
Subject + HAVE / HAS + Verb (Past Participle) + Object
EJEMPLO:
They have lived in England a long time.
S. HAVE P.p. Complemet
I have
He / She / It has lived in England a long time.
You / We / They have
CONTRACCIÓN
( ‘s / ‘ve )
EJEMPLOS:
I’ve lived in England a long time.
She’s lived in England a long time.
We’ve lived in England a long time.
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Subject + HAVE / HAS + Not + Verb (Past Participle) + Object / Complement
EJEMPLO:
He has not bought a new house.
S. HAVE Not P.p. O.
I have not
He / She / It has not bought a new house.
You / We / They have not
CONTRACCIÓN
(haven’t / hasn’t )
EJEMPLOS:
I haven’t bought a new house.
She hasn’t bought a new house.
You haven’t bought a new house.
PREGUNTAS
HAVE / HAS + Subject + Past Participle + Object ?
EJEMPLO:
Have you read all the letters ?
HAVE S. P.p. O. ?
Have I
Has He / She / It read all the letters ?
Have You / We / They
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
USO
EJEMPLO:
They are playing football at the park.
EJEMPLO:
We are renting a house because ours is damaged.
EJEMPLO:
She is studying a PhD in Mathematics.
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
Now At the moment Nowadays These days This month This year
FORMA
ORACIONES POSITIVAS
Subject + BE Present Simple + -ing Verb + Object
EJEMPLO:
I am washing the dishes.
S. Be -ing V. O.
I am
He / She / It is washing the dishes.
You / We / They are
CONTRACCIÓN
(am = ‘m / is = ‘s / are = ‘re)
EJEMPLOS:
I’m washing the dishes.
He’s washing the dishes.
They’re washing the dishes.
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Subject + BE Present Simple + NOT + -ing Verb + Object
EJEMPLO:
She is not studying Mathematics.
S. Be NOT -ing V. O.
I am
He / She / It is not studying Mathematics.
You / We / They are
CONTRACCIÓN
(am not = ‘m not / is not = isn’t / are not = aren’t )
( is not = ‘s not / are not = ‘re not )
EJEMPLOS:
I’m not studying Mathematics.
She isn’t studying Mathematics. / She’s not studying Mathematics.
We aren’t studying Mathematics. / We’re not studying Mathematics.
PREGUNTAS
Auxiliary Verb (BE) + Subject + -ing Verb + Object ?
EJEMPLO:
Are you waiting for the bus?
Aux. S. –ing V. O. ?
Am I
Is he / she / it waiting for the bus ?
Are you / we / they
-ING FORM OF THE VERB
Talk – talking / Break – breaking
Love – loving / Write – writing / Go – going
Stop – stopping / Cut – cutting / Forget – forgetting
Study – studying / Try – trying
PRESENT SIMPLE
USO
El Presente Simple se utiliza como sigue:
EJEMPLO:
He lives in New York.
EJEMPLO:
Water boils at 100°C.
EJEMPLO:
She always has lunch at 1 o’clock.
EJEMPLO:
Jane works in night club. She is a bar tender.
El Presente Simple también se utiliza con verbos no activos, los cuales describen estados o situaciones. Por ejemplo:
EJEMPLO:
She loves Tom Cruise.
EJEMPLO:
We think Math is hard.
EJEMPLO:
My uncle owns a beautiful land in Devon, England.
EJEMPLO:
It smells good.
Puedes usar Adverbios de Frecuencia con el Presente Simple para expresar qué tan seguido sucede algo.
ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA
Always – Siempre
Generally - Generalmente
Regularly – Regularmente
Usually – Usualmente
Often – Seguido
Frequently – Frecuentemente, con frecuencia
Sometimes – A veces
Rarely – Raramente
Seldom – Rara vez
Hardly – Difícilmente
Barely – Apenas
Never – Nunca
Estos Adverbios van antes del verbo principal en la mayoría de los casos, pero pueden ir también al final de la oración. En una oración con BE (ser), el adverbio se coloca después de éste.
EJEMPLO:
He always takes the train to go home.
FORMA
ORACIONES POSITIVAS
Subject Verb Complement / Object
I live
He / She / It lives in New York.
You /We / They live
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Subject Auxiliary Verb Not Main Verb Complement / Object
DO / DOES
I do not like
He/ She/ It does not like Classical music.
You/We /They do not like
CONTRACCIÓN
Subject Auxiliary Verb Main Verb Complement / Object
Negative
I don’t go to the movies.
He /She / It doesn’t go
You /We /They don’t go
PREGUNTAS
Auxiliary Verb Subject Main Verb Complement / Object ?
Do I work
Does he /she / it work on weekends ?
Do you /we /they work
HAVE / HAS
USO
Se usa “HAVE” o “HAS” (TENER) en las situaciones que siguen:
EJEMPLO:
I always have dinner at eight.
EJEMPLO:
She has one sister.
EJEMPLO:
He has green eyes.
EJEMPLO:
My neighbors have a beautiful car.
En Inglés Británico es más común usar: “HAVE GOT” y “HAS GOT” en lugar de “HAVE” o “HAS”.
ESTRUCTURA
ORACIONES POSITIVAS
Subject HAVE/ HAS Object
I have
He / She / It has black hair.
You / We / They have
CONTRACCIÓN
Subject ‘VE / ‘S GOT Object
I’ve got
He’s /She’s / It’s got a lot of money.
You’ve / We’ve /They’ve got
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Subject DO NOT HAVE / DOES NOT HAVE Object
I do not have
He / She / It does not have a red car.
You / We / They do not have
CONTRACCIÓN
Subject DON’T HAVE / DOESN’T HAVE Object
I don’t have
He /She / It doesn’t have a red car.
You / We / They don’t have
PREGUNTAS
Auxiliary verb Subject HAVE Object ?
DO / DOES
Do I have
Does He/ She / It have any brothers or sisters ?
Do You / We / They have