ALREADY AND YET
USO
ALREADY (YA) se usa en oraciones positivas para decir que algo ha sucedido antes de ahora.
EJEMPLO:
She has already been to Paris.
FORMA
Subject + Have / Has + ALREADY + Past Participle + Complement / Object
I / You / We / They have
He / She / It has already eaten breakfast.
YET (AÚN NO) se utiliza en oraciones negativas para decir que algo no ha ocurrido, y también en preguntas para saber si algo ha sucedido antes de este momento.
EJEMPLOS:
ORACIÓN NEGATIVA: She hasn’t cleaned her bedroom yet.
She hasn’t yet cleaned her bedroom.
FORMA
Subject + Have / Has + NOT + Past Participle + Object + YET
Subject + Have / Has + Not + YET + Past Participle + Object
EJEMPLO:
PREGUNTA: Has she cleaned her bedroom yet?
FORMA
Have / Has + Subject + Past Participle + Object + YET ?
SINCE AND FOR
USO
EJEMPLOS:
They have lived in this house for ten years.
They have lived in this house since 1998.
FOR (POR) se utiliza para decir cuánto tiempo ha durado. (for ten years, for two days, for five hours, etc.)
SINCE (DESDE) se usa para decir cuándo empezó algo. (since 1998, since I met you, since I was a child, since Tuesday, etc.)
FORMA
Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle + Object + FOR / SINCE…
I / You / We / They have lived in this house for ten years.
He / She / It has
HAVE BEEN vs. HAVE GONE
Asegúrate de no confundirte con (BEEN) y (GONE). Estos participios son diferentes y dependen de lo que quieras expresar.
HAVE BEEN: significa que alguien estaba en otro lugar y que ahora está aquí.
HAVE GONE: significa que alguien no está aquí, el/ella se ha ido a otro lugar y sigue ahí.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
USO
EJEMPLO:
They have lived in England a long time.
EJEMPLO:
He has bought a new house.
EJEMPLO:
I have been abroad twice this year.
FORMA
ORACIONES POSITIVAS
Subject + HAVE / HAS + Verb (Past Participle) + Object
EJEMPLO:
They have lived in England a long time.
S. HAVE P.p. Complemet
I have
He / She / It has lived in England a long time.
You / We / They have
CONTRACCIÓN
( ‘s / ‘ve )
EJEMPLOS:
I’ve lived in England a long time.
She’s lived in England a long time.
We’ve lived in England a long time.
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Subject + HAVE / HAS + Not + Verb (Past Participle) + Object / Complement
EJEMPLO:
He has not bought a new house.
S. HAVE Not P.p. O.
I have not
He / She / It has not bought a new house.
You / We / They have not
CONTRACCIÓN
(haven’t / hasn’t )
EJEMPLOS:
I haven’t bought a new house.
She hasn’t bought a new house.
You haven’t bought a new house.
PREGUNTAS
HAVE / HAS + Subject + Past Participle + Object ?
EJEMPLO:
Have you read all the letters ?
HAVE S. P.p. O. ?
Have I
Has He / She / It read all the letters ?
Have You / We / They
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
USO
EJEMPLO:
They are playing football at the park.
EJEMPLO:
We are renting a house because ours is damaged.
EJEMPLO:
She is studying a PhD in Mathematics.
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
Now At the moment Nowadays These days This month This year
FORMA
ORACIONES POSITIVAS
Subject + BE Present Simple + -ing Verb + Object
EJEMPLO:
I am washing the dishes.
S. Be -ing V. O.
I am
He / She / It is washing the dishes.
You / We / They are
CONTRACCIÓN
(am = ‘m / is = ‘s / are = ‘re)
EJEMPLOS:
I’m washing the dishes.
He’s washing the dishes.
They’re washing the dishes.
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Subject + BE Present Simple + NOT + -ing Verb + Object
EJEMPLO:
She is not studying Mathematics.
S. Be NOT -ing V. O.
I am
He / She / It is not studying Mathematics.
You / We / They are
CONTRACCIÓN
(am not = ‘m not / is not = isn’t / are not = aren’t )
( is not = ‘s not / are not = ‘re not )
EJEMPLOS:
I’m not studying Mathematics.
She isn’t studying Mathematics. / She’s not studying Mathematics.
We aren’t studying Mathematics. / We’re not studying Mathematics.
PREGUNTAS
Auxiliary Verb (BE) + Subject + -ing Verb + Object ?
EJEMPLO:
Are you waiting for the bus?
Aux. S. –ing V. O. ?
Am I
Is he / she / it waiting for the bus ?
Are you / we / they
-ING FORM OF THE VERB
Talk – talking / Break – breaking
Love – loving / Write – writing / Go – going
Stop – stopping / Cut – cutting / Forget – forgetting
Study – studying / Try – trying